Dynamic Droop Control in Low-Inertia Power Systems

A widely embraced approach to mitigate the dynamic degradation in low-inertia power systems is mimic generation response using grid-connected inverters restore stiffness of grid. In this article, we seek challenge and advocate for a principled design based on systematic analysis performance trade-offs inverter-based frequency control. With aim, perform qualitative quantitative study comparing effect conventional control strategies-droop (DC) virtual inertia (VI)-on several metrics induced by L 2 xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">? signal norms. By extending recently proposed modal decomposition method, capture step stochastic disturbances, measurement noise, overall transient steady-state behavior system. Our unveils limitations these solutions, such as inability DC improve without increasing effort, or large variance that VI introduces presence noise. We further propose novel dynam-i-c droop controller (iDroop) overcomes VI. More precisely, show iDroop can be tuned achieve high noise rejection, fast system-wide synchronization, overshoot (Nadir) elimination affecting effort share, tuning recommendation strikes balance among objectives. Extensive numerical experimentation shows effective even when our proportionality assumption not valid, particular used Nadir good trade-off various metrics.